Digital identity: what does blockchain really change for your data?

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The future European digital identity wallet, developed in France from France Identity, will operate without blockchain. Other devices, such as Bhutan's on Ethereum, use this type of ledger to help verify certifications. What does this choice change for data control and security?

European digital identity: what will change for the French

These systems are based on three actors: an organization issues a signed certificate, the user keeps it in their wallet, then a recipient verifies its authenticity. A university can thus certify a diploma without being contacted for each presentation, subject to the necessary checks on its validity.

The European framework uses electronic certificates and trust lists published by states, while a blockchain can provide a shared ledger containing the information needed to verify issuers.

Maintaining control of your access and your digital assets also involves security and transmission, subjects on which Crypto Stratège offers an assessment.

Bhutan decided, in October 2025, to integrate its national digital identity with Ethereum. Personal data remains off the blockchain, while the network helps verify attestations.

How to secure your digital and financial environment?

The State nevertheless remains the issuer of national identity: the citizen controls the presentation of his proof, but the public authority guarantees the initial information. Decentralization therefore concerns storage and verification, without removing the power of certification.

Crypto projects encounter the same limit. The Binance Account Bound (BAB) token certifies that an address is associated with a user who has passed Binance verifications. Its reliability therefore depends on the control carried out by the platform.

In the European portfolio too, the competent bodies will retain the power to issue, expire or revoke their certificates. The user controls their presentation, while remaining dependent on their transmitters.

Keeping a certificate in your phone is not the same as publishing your data on a blockchain. On a public register, personal information can remain accessible for a long time, making it difficult to delete and facilitating cross-checking.

System security remains just as crucial. In February, the DGFiP revealed fraudulent access to the FICOBA file, potentially exposing the bank details, identities and addresses of holders of around 1.2 million accounts. By limiting copies of supporting documents, the wallet must reduce the dispersion of information, without removing the original administrative files or the risk of hacking of the devices and organizations concerned.

Added to the risk of theft is the risk of user tracking, even without blockchain: a reused signature or identifier can make it possible to link several presentations. Zero-knowledge proofs offer a way to limit these overlaps, in particular by making it possible to demonstrate one's majority without revealing one's date of birth.

Autonomy finally depends on the possibility of regaining access. In the event of loss of the phone, the European model provides for revoking the old wallet and issuing new certificates after verification of identity.

To understand how blockchain, registers and certificates work together in practice, you can find training adapted to your level.

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Machine-translated from French