Pensions: Marine Le Pen rekindles the controversy over their real cost for the State

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Marine Le Pen estimated on Friday on X that the pension problem was “insignificant compared to the amount of deficits and the totality of unnecessary expenditure”. She notably denounced the “Théodule agencies and committees”, administrative bodies which, according to her, “cost a fortune”.

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His statement sparked widespread criticism, with some accusing him of minimizing the weight of pensions in public finances. But what do the official figures really say?

The pension problem is insignificant compared to the amount of deficits and all the unnecessary spending.

Today, for example, there are numerous Théodule agencies and committees which devitalize political power and which, in the process, cost a fortune. pic.twitter.com/lkGVpQQ1tR

According to the report published last June by the Pension Orientation Council (COR), France devoted 422 billion euros to pensions in 2025, or 24.3% of public spending and 14.1% of GDP.

This amount includes basic and supplementary plans, both private and public. Their financing is mainly based on social contributions, which represent around two thirds of the 417 billion euros of system resources. The rest comes in particular from assigned taxes and public transfers.

Pensions therefore constitute a major item in public finances, even if they are not entirely financed by the state budget.

According to the Court of Auditors, the “Pensions” account, devoted mainly to former civil and military civil servants, recorded 69.3 billion euros in expenditure in 2025, or 16% of State budgetary expenditure, excluding reimbursements and tax reliefs and competition funds.

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This sum is already included in the 422 billion recorded by the COR. The State also helps finance certain special schemes.

Another particularity is the fact that its employer contribution to the regime of civil servants reaches 82.28% of their index salary in 2026, compared to 78.28% in 2025. This high rate serves in particular to balance a regime faced with a demographic imbalance.

The COR estimates the pension system deficit at 5.1 billion euros in 2025, excluding financial income and expenses. A relatively limited amount compared to the 152.5 billion euros in public deficit recorded the same year.

Machine-translated from French